今天給大家送來(lái)金屬切削液（MWF）健康危害的簡(jiǎn)介，大家一定要注意金屬切削液（MWF）形成的液滴和純礦物油（只是金屬切削液的一種）形成的油霧（Oil mist）的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在機(jī)加工行業(yè)（如CNC）用純礦物油作為金屬切削液已經(jīng)很少了。

一、 機(jī)械加工過(guò)程中金屬加工液（MWF）的作用：

• Provide lubricity to cool the tool-workpiece interface　潤(rùn)滑

• Reduce extensive tool wear　減少磨損

• Flush metal swarfs and fines (chips)　清除廢屑

• Prevent potential welding of swarfs and chips to tool and workpiece surfaces　防止廢屑粘連

• Facilitate formation of desirable surface finishes on metal parts.　有助加工件的成形

二、機(jī)械加工過(guò)程中金屬加工液（MWF）的種類(lèi)

• Straight oils- mineral, vegetable or animal oils without water 油類(lèi) 植物或動(dòng)物油，不含水

• Soluble oils- 30~85% naphthenic or paraffinic oil with emulsifier / additives 乳化油類(lèi)- 30-85%環(huán)烷或石蠟油，添加乳化劑/添加劑

• Semisynthetic fluids- 5~20% mineral oil emulsified in water 半合成液體 – 5-20%礦物油，在水中乳化

• Synthetic fluids- no mineral oil content; mixture of organics/ additives and 70~95% water 合成液體 – 無(wú)礦物油成分，由有機(jī)物/添加劑和70-95%的水組成

   

三、健康危害

• MWF aerosols within the respirable range are of primary importance.       呼吸性氣溶膠危害較大

• These particles can penetrate to the lower regions of the lungs.    可進(jìn)入肺深部

• Larger particles may lodge in the nasopharynx and contribute to upper respiratory system irritation and throat and eye irritation, and foster complaints of nuisance odors. 較大顆粒在上呼吸道停留,導(dǎo)致鼻咽喉/眼部刺激 

• The most common complaint or illness associated with MWF is dermatitis. (skin contact) 接觸性皮炎（皮膚刺激、疹子和油痤瘡）常見(jiàn)

• Respiratory effects fall into three main categories:  呼吸系統(tǒng)損害

  - upper respiratory irritation, 上呼吸道刺激

  - asthma, and 哮喘

  - hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) 過(guò)敏性肺炎

   

四、健康危害來(lái)源

The inhalation hazards of MWF are caused by exposure to three agents: 危害來(lái)自

 the neat or diluted MWF 加工液本身

microbial contaminants, and 微生物污染

 other chemical contaminants of the fluids 其他液體污染

五、MWF的接觸限值

NIOSH 1998 REL 

• 0.4 mg/m3 of thoracic particulate mass is “intended to prevent the diverse respiratory effects associated with MWF exposure” 0.4 mg/m3 胸腔性顆粒

• Approximately 0.5 mg/m3 for total particulate 相當(dāng)于0.5 mg/m3 總顆粒

• For all types of MWF 適用于全部加工液

六、監(jiān)測(cè)方法

• NIOSH 5524 - MWF （合成或半合成乳化液）

  - Thoracic particulate (thoracic cyclone) or Total particulate

     approach 胸腔性顆粒, 或總顆粒

  - Chemical extraction and Gravimetry 化學(xué)抽提后重量分析法

   

• NIOSH 5026 mineral oil 純礦物油（MWF的一種，機(jī)加工行業(yè)已經(jīng)很少使用）

  -  Total particulates 總顆粒物

  -  Infrared spectrophotometry   紅外分光光度法

  -  Fraction that is soluble in carbon tetrachloride 溶于四氯化碳的 

      進(jìn)行定量

七、控制策略

• Safety and Health Training 安全和健康培訓(xùn)

• Worksite Analysis  現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)

• Fluid management  液體管理

• Engineering controls   工程控制

• Medical monitoring  醫(yī)學(xué)健康監(jiān)護(hù)

另附有金屬切削液簡(jiǎn)介視頻，中英文字幕由粉塵字幕組的jcheart妹子聽(tīng)譯，如果有打賞，小編將全部轉(zhuǎn)交給她。如下：